The Life and Legacy of Guru Gobind Singh Ji: The Tenth Sikh Guru
Guru Gobind Singh Ji, the tenth Guru of Sikhism, is one of the most inspiring figures in Indian history. Born on 22nd December 1666 in Patna Sahib, Bihar, he lived a life full of courage, wisdom, and dedication to justice. His teachings and actions continue to guide millions even today. He was the perfect example of Sant Sipahi.
Early Life and Education of Guru Gobind Singh
Guru Gobind Singh Ji was born as Gobind Rai to Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji, the ninth Sikh Guru, and Mata Gujri Ji. From a young age, he showed exceptional intelligence, bravery, and responsibility. At just nine years old, his father sacrificed his life to protect the religious freedom of others. This deeply impacted Guru Gobind Singh Ji and strengthened his resolve to fight injustice.
He was educated in Punjabi, Persian, and Sanskrit and many other languages and trained in martial arts, archery, and horse riding. These skills prepared him for his future role as a spiritual leader and warrior.
Founding the Khalsa
One of Guru Gobind Singh Ji’s greatest contributions was creating the Khalsa Panth on 13th April 1699. At Anandpur Sahib, he called a gathering of Sikhs and formed a new community dedicated to equality, courage, and righteousness.
In a historic ceremony, he baptized the first five Sikhs, known as the Panj Pyare (the Five Beloved Ones), with Amrit (sweetened water stirred with a double-edged sword). He then took Amrit himself, showing that the Guru and his followers were equals ( ਆਪੇ ਗੁਰੁ ਚੇਲਾ ). The Khalsa were given the Five Ks (ਕਕਾਰ): Kesh (uncut hair), Kangha (wooden comb), Kara (iron bracelet), Kirpan (sword), and Kachera (cotton undergarments), symbolizing their faith and discipline.
The Khalsa stood for justice, protecting the weak, and living with spiritual and moral values. This transformed the Sikh identity and gave the community a strong, fearless foundation.
Leadership and Battles
Guru Gobind Singh Ji’s leadership was marked by courage and determination. He led his followers in battles against oppressive rulers who tried to suppress the Sikh community. Despite being outnumbered, his faith and strategy inspired his followers to stand firm.
Key events during his life include:
- Battle of Chamkaur Sahib: Guru Gobind Singh Ji with Baba Ajit Singh Ji , Baba Jujhar Singh ji (elder sons ) accompanied by 40 Singhs fought bravely against 10 Lakh (1million) Mughal army. His two elder sons, Sahibzada Ajit Singh and Sahibzada Jujhar Singh, gave their lives in this battle.
- Martyrdom(Shaheedi) of Younger Sahibzadas: His younger sons, Sahibzada Zorawar Singh(9 years) and Sahibzada Fateh Singh
(7 years), were executed by the Mughals for refusing to give up their faith. Vazir Khan(which was the Mughal emperor of Sirhind) offered many greed in exachange of sacrificing their religion but they didn’t accepted his offers. Their sacrifice is a powerful example of standing up for one’s beliefs.
Spiritual Contributions
Guru Gobind Singh Ji was not only a warrior but also a poet and spiritual leader. He wrote many hymns and teachings, collected in the Dasam Granth, which inspire devotion and courage. Some of his important works include:
- Jaap Sahib: Praising the qualities of God.
- Chaupai Sahib: A prayer for protection and strength.
- Zafarnama: A letter to Emperor Aurangzeb, speaking truth to power.
In 1708, he declared the Guru Granth Sahib as the eternal Guru of the Sikhs, ensuring that the teachings of Sikhism would remain unchanged forever.
Martyrdom and Legacy
Guru Gobind Singh Ji left his human body on 7th October 1708 in Nanded, Maharashtra. Despite his assassination, his message of courage, equality, and faith lives on.
Before his passing, he proclaimed: “Aagiya Bhai Akaal Ki (ਆਗਿਆ ਭਈ ਅਕਾਲ ਕੀ ), Tabhi Chalaayo Panth (ਤਬੀ ਚਲਾਇਓ ਪੰਥ ) Sab Sikhan Ko Hukam Hai (ਸਭ ਸਿਖਨ ਕੋ ਹੁਕਮ ਹੈ ), Guru Manyo Granth(ਗੁਰੂ ਮਾਨਿਯੋ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ ).” This means that the Guru Granth Sahib would guide Sikhs for all time.
The Eternal Inspiration
Guru Gobind Singh Ji’s life teaches us to live with Chardi Kala (eternal optimism), selflessness, and dedication to humanity. He showed how to face challenges with courage and faith.
Even today, his vision of a just and fearless society inspires millions. By following his teachings, we can strive to create a world of unity, compassion, and truth.